In the past couple of days my phone displays Message not downloaded Generic Network Failure on the notification screen, my email doesn't sync and when I send a text I am never sure if the message gets sent. Any suggestions as to what could be causing this problem? The Generic Network Management Interface(NM) is a part of generic blocks of Communication Services block of AUTOSAR Layered Architecture. It is a adaptation layer between the AUTOSAR Communication Manager(ComM) and bus specific or network dependent network management(NM) block of Bus (for e.g.: CanNm for CAN bus). It handles the task of changing network states from awake to sleep to save power.

• Amazon Wireless Network Card
• Generic Network & Wireless Cards Drivers

The package provides the installation files for Realtek RTLWLANE PCI-E Wireless LAN Network Interface Cards Driver version 20.2016. If the driver is already installed on your system, updating (overwrite-installing) may fix various issues, add new functions, or just upgrade to. The Generic Network File Sharing Interface is designed to exchange data through a file sharing interface with IST, Take Your Mark, ALGE Timy, SST Timing and other timing consoles that are setup to use this interface option. Results from each race are transferred directly from the timing console and stared as a file in the Meet Manager database directory without any keyboard data entry.

Generic user accounts are typically set up and shared among users that have rotating, temporary or intern positions. While the initial time saving aspect of setting up generic accounts is present, the potential long-term pitfalls outweigh the benefits. The conflicts that could arise are something to be aware of before deploying generic accounts across your organization.

Generic E-Mail Accounts

When multiple people need to access correspondence relating to an entire department, generic e-mail accounts are typically used. (For example, HR@yourbusinessdomain.ca or marketing@yourbusinessdomain.ca.) These kind of generic accounts prove useful for departments that are inundated with sales, recruitment or marketing solicitations that can take up valuable time and space. In these scenarios, generic email accounts can be setup as shared mailboxes (in Exchange). Several members can be granted full access permissions and “send as” privileges once shared mailboxes have been configured. This kind of structure works well since it eliminates having to worry about archiving and transferring emails when people leave or transition out of their roles. Reassigning or terminating a users access becomes easier.

Generic User Accounts

The consequences of granting access to generic user accounts across your organization should be weighed carefully.

A generic user account is one that is not derived using a standard naming convention. For example, instead of logging into a workstation with your first name/last name, you log in as Admin, Student or Clerk; meaning there is no corresponding real user associated with the account. Generic user accounts are different from generic e-mail accounts; so too are the consequences of granting access to them.

It’s tempting to set up accounts this way especially when duties are shared among multiple users. In the short term it seems beneficial to have an account set up that multiple people can use. However in the long term, the lack of accountability such an account would have will be problematic. Data Protection laws may require audits of who has access to your business data. Auditing the behaviors of a generic account, determining the user involved in a security breach or controlling the access levels of the account are just some of the common scenarios a company can encounter.

Things to Consider

Permitting generic user accounts even with low privileges (as in read-only accounts) can still be problematic. It is best practice, and one commonly enforced, to tie each identify and each account to a specific individual, with specific privileged access. It is the best defense against a systemic lack of security controls. Determine if there is an actual business need to create a generic user account. The following points should be considered:

• Management Issues. When allowing multiple user access to a generic account, a lack of proper management can result. Generic accounts increase the risk associated with accountability. It will also affect the transparency and auditing trail that corresponds with the account. A plan will need to be in place to address the retention and disposal policies when turnover occurs. It is also important to note that if your organization uses SharePoint, SharePoint will connect with the corresponding user account you are logged in as.
• Access Thresholds. When sharing accounts among multiple people who are accessing the account at the same time, users will get locked out as the accounts threshold is reached. For example when a user is logged into the digital music service Spotify and a second user logs in from a different location, the first user will be kicked off. Even if the account threshold is a tolerable for the short term, generic user accounts is not a scalable solution.
• Exit Strategy. Have in place the appropriate policies for when temporary users leave the organization. Determine ahead of time, when an appropriate time will be to change passwords. You will want to ensure that once a users employment has ended, that so too, has their access to your system.
• Best Practice. If it is deemed that a business need justifies the creation of a generic user account, be sure to designate a responsible owner. This owner should be responsible for the management of access to the account and track access accordingly.

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) providesa secure path for transporting packets of data by tunneling the packets.The below topics discusses the tunneling of GRE, encapsulation andde-capsulation process, configuring GREs and verifying the workingof GREs.

Understanding Generic Routing Encapsulation

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) provides a private,secure path for transporting packets through an otherwise public networkby encapsulating (or tunneling) the packets.

This topic describes:

Overview of GRE

GRE encapsulates data packets and redirects them to a devicethat de-encapsulates them and routes them to their final destination.This allows the source and destination switches to operate as if theyhave a virtual point-to-point connection with each other (becausethe outer header applied by GRE is transparent to the encapsulatedpayload packet). For example, GRE tunnels allow routing protocolssuch as RIP and OSPF to forward data packets from one switch to anotherswitch across the Internet. In addition, GRE tunnels can encapsulatemulticast data streams for transmission over the Internet.

GRE is described in RFC 2784 (obsoletes earlier RFCs 1701and 1702). The switches support RFC 2784, but not completely.(For a list of limitations, see Configuration Limitations.)

As a tunnel source router, the switch encapsulatesa payload packet for transport through the tunnel to a destinationnetwork. The payload packet is first encapsulated in a GRE packet,and then the GRE packet is encapsulated in a delivery protocol. Theswitch performing the role of a tunnel remote router extracts the tunneled packet and forwards the packet to its destination.Note that you can use one firewall term to terminate many GRE tunnelson a QFX5100 switch.

GRE Tunneling

Datais routed by the system to the GRE endpoint over routes establishedin the route table. (These routes can be statically configured ordynamically learned by routing protocols such as RIP or OSPF.) Whena data packet is received by the GRE endpoint, it is de-encapsulatedand routed again to its destination address.

GRE tunnels are stateless-–that is,the endpoint of the tunnel contains no information about the stateor availability of the remote tunnel endpoint. Therefore, the switchoperating as a tunnel source router cannot change the state of theGRE tunnel interface to down if the remote endpoint is unreachable.

Encapsulation and De-Encapsulation on the Switch

Encapsulation—A switch operating as a tunnel source routerencapsulates and forwards GRE packets as follows:

1. When a switch receives a data packet (payload) to be tunneled,it sends the packet to the tunnel interface.
2. The tunnel interface encapsulates the data in a GRE packetand adds an outer IP header.
3. The IP packet is forwarded on the basis of the destinationaddress in the outer IP header.

De-encapsulation—A switch operating as a tunnel remoterouter handles GRE packets as follows:

1. When the destination switch receives the IP packet fromthe tunnel interface, the outer IP header and GRE header are removed.
2. The packet is routed based on the inner IP header.

Number of Source and Destination Tunnels Allowed on a Switch

QFX5100 and OCX Series switches support as many as 512 GRE tunnels,including tunnels created with a firewall filter. That is, you cancreate a total of 512 GRE tunnels, regardless of which method youuse.

EX switches support as many as 500 GRE tunnels betweenswitches transmitting IPv4 or IPv6 payload packets over GRE. If apassenger protocol in addition to IPv4 and IPv6 is used, you can configureup to 333 GRE tunnels between the switches.

An EX switch can have a maximum of 20 tunnel source IP addressesconfigured, and each tunnel source IP can be configured with up to20 destination IP addresses on a second switch. As a result,the two connected switches can have a maximum of 400 GRE tunnels.If the first switch is also connected to a third switch, the possiblemaximum number of tunnels is 500.

Class of Service on GRE Tunnels

When a network experiences congestion and delay, some packetsmight be dropped. Junos OS class of service (CoS) divides traffic into classes to which you can apply differentlevels of throughput and packet loss when congestion occurs and therebyset rules for packet loss. For details about CoS, see Junos OS CoS for EX Series Switches Overview.

The following CoS components are available on a switch operatingas a GRE tunnel source router or GRE tunnel remote router:

• At the GRE tunnel source—On a switch operating as a tunnelsource router, you can apply CoS classifiers on an ingressport or on a GRE port, with the followingresults on CoS component support on tunneled packets:

  • Schedulers only—Based on the CoS classificationon the ingress port, you can apply CoS schedulers on a GRE port ofthe switch to define output queues and control the transmission ofpackets through the tunnel after GRE encapsulation. However, you cannotapply CoS rewrite rules to these packets.

  • Schedulers and rewrite rules—Depending on the CoSclassification on the GRE port, you can apply both schedulers andrewrite rules to the encapsulated packets transmitted through thetunnel.

• At the GRE tunnel endpoint—When the switch is atunnel remote router, you can apply CoS classifiers on the GRE portand schedulers and rewrite rules on the egress port to control thetransmission of a de-encapsulated GRE packet out from the egress port.

Applying Firewall Filters to GRE Traffic

Firewall filters provide rules that define whether to permit,deny, or forward packets that are transiting an interface on a switch.(For details, see Firewall Filters for EX Series Switches Overview.) Becauseof the encapsulation and de-encapsulation performed by GRE, you areconstrained as to where you can apply a firewall filter to filtertunneled packets and which header will be affected. Table 1 identifies these constraints.

Table 1: Firewall Filter ApplicationPoints for Tunneled Packets

Using a Firewall Filter to De-encapsulateGRE Traffic on a QFX5100, QFX10000, and OCX Series Switches

You can also use a firewall filter to de-encapsulate GRE trafficon switches . This feature provides significant benefits in termsof scalability, performance, and flexibility because you don't needto create a tunnel interface to perform the de-encapsulation. Forexample, you can terminate many tunnels from multiple source IP addresseswith one firewall term. See Configuring a Firewall Filter to De-Encapsulate GRE Traffic for informationabout how to configure a firewall filter for this purpose.

Configuration Limitations

Table 2 lists features that arenot supported with GRE.

Table 2: Features Not Supported with GRE

Configuring Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunneling

Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) provides a private,secure path for transporting packets through an otherwise public networkby encapsulating (or tunneling) the packets. GRE tunneling is accomplishedthrough tunnel endpoints that encapsulate or de-encapsulate traffic.

You can also use a firewall filter to de-encapsulate GRE trafficon QFX5100 and OCX Series switches. This feature provides significantbenefits in terms of scalability, performance, and flexibility becauseyou don't need to create a tunnel interface to perform the de-encapsulation.For example, you can terminate many tunnels from multiple source IPaddresses with one firewall term. For more information on this feature,see Configuring a Firewall Filter to De-Encapsulate GRE Traffic.

1. Determine the network port or uplink port on your switchto convert to a GRE tunnel port.
2. Configure the port as a tunnel port for GRE tunnel services:
   [edit chassis]
user@switch#slotpicport-number tunnel-services

This topic describes:

Configuring a GRE Tunnel

To configure a GRE tunnel interface:

1. Create a GRE interface with a unit number and address:Note

   The base name of the interface must be gr-0/0/0.0 to gr-0/0/0.gr-5/0/0.ping) before user trafficcan be forwarded through the tunnel.

On QFX10002 and QFX10008 switches, If you configure GREtunneling with the underlying ECMP next-hop instead of Unicast next-hop,GRE tunnel encapsulation fails and the network traffic is dropped.

Indirect egress next-hops is currently not supported inthe GRE implementation for QFX10000 switches.

Verifying That Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunneling Is WorkingCorrectly

Purpose

Verify that the generic routing encapsulation (GRE)interface is sending tunneled traffic.

Action

Display status information about the specified GRE interfaceby using the command Amazon Wireless Network Card

Meaning

Generic Network & Wireless Cards Drivers

The output indicates that the GRE interface gr-0/0/0is up. The output displays the name of the physical interface andthe traffic statistics for this interface---the number of and therate at which input and output bytes and packets are received andtransmitted on the physical interface.